Introduction to Immunology

Which statement best distinguishes innate from adaptive immunity?

• Innate targets unique epitopes with memory

• Innate responds broadly without antigen specificity

• Adaptive provides barriers without cellular roles

• Adaptive acts first with identical responses

Match each immune system type to its defining characteristic.

• Targets specific antigens

• Innate immune system

• Nonspecific, broad defense

• Adaptive immune system

• Targets specific antigens

• Acquired immunity

Which features are characteristic of adaptive (acquired) immunity?

• Recognition of specific antigens

• Rapid identical response to all microbes

• Ability to develop immunologic memory

• Broad nonspecific pattern recognition

Which statement best describes the primary role of physical and chemical barriers in innate immunity?

• Generate memory against specific antigens

• Neutralize toxins using antibodies

• Block pathogen entry at body surfaces

• Directly lyse infected host cells

Which structure is a physical barrier of the innate immune system?

• Liver sinusoids

• Bone matrix

• B cells

• Skin

During the inflammatory response, vasodilation at an infected site most directly enables which outcome?

• Enhanced barrier function of keratinocytes

• Reduced antigen presentation to lymphocytes

• Decreased complement deposition on microbes

• Increased neutrophil entry into tissues

Select all classical signs of inflammation.

• Swelling

• Pain

• Heat

• Fever

• Redness

Match each cell type with its defining feature.

• Differentiate to macrophages in tissues

• Natural killer cells

• Kill infected host cells, no phagocytosis

• Monocytes

• First to infection, phagocytose

• Neutrophils

Which cell type is typically first to arrive at the site of infection and performs phagocytosis?

• Monocytes

• Natural killer cells

• Dendritic cells

• Neutrophils

Monocytes most accurately do which of the following after leaving circulation?

• Differentiate into plasma cells

• Undergo degranulation to kill worms

• Release antibodies against pathogens

• Differentiate into tissue macrophages