Final Review Unit 1 and 2

Renaissance/Reformation — What was the Printing Press?

• A device using movable type to mass-produce printed texts, first in Europe by Gutenberg

• A method of hand-copying manuscripts in monastic scriptoria

• A steam-powered rotary newspaper press from the Industrial Revolution

• An electrical telegraph used to transmit messages over wires

Renaissance/Reformation — Printing Press — What was the Impact?

• Rapid spread of ideas and increased literacy, helping fuel the Reformation

• Immediate abolition of feudalism across Europe

• Universal free education established by governments

• Decline in the number of books available to the public

Unit 1 — Age of Exploration — What were the main reasons the Europeans began exploring?

• God, Gold, Glory

• Guns, Germs, Geography

• Goods, Guilds, Government

• Gold, Grain, Guns

Unit 1 — Age of Exploration —What was the Middle Passage?

• The forced transatlantic voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas

• A northern sea route across the Arctic connecting Europe to Asia

• A canal through Central America used for Spanish silver shipments

• A land route used by missionaries crossing the Andes

Unit 1 — Age of Exploration — How did exploration impact Europeans?

• Increased wealth and access to new goods that supported population growth

• Loss of trade routes to Asia and widespread famine

• Elimination of European monarchies and end of overseas trade

• Complete isolation from the rest of the world by law

Unit 1 — Age of Exploration — How did exploration impact Natives once the Europeans showed up?

• Massive population decline from disease and conquest with loss of land and autonomy

• Rapid industrialization and creation of independent nation-states

• Immediate spread of democratic institutions across the Americas

• Universal equality under imperial legal systems

Unit 1 — Age of Exploration — What is the best description of the Columbian Exchange?

• The global transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old World and New World after 1492

• A trade agreement signed among European powers to divide colonies

• A currency system used by Spanish colonies to collect taxes

• A naval route around Africa to reach India

Unit 1 — Age of Exploration — How did Mercantilism work?

• An economic policy in which colonies exist to enrich the mother country by controlling trade and accumulating bullion

• A socialist system in which wealth is equally distributed by the state

• A free-trade policy that eliminates tariffs between nations

• A barter-based economy with no use of coin or bullion

Unit 1 — Age of Exploration — What attributes or factors allowed the Europeans to take control of the areas they explored? Click all that apply.

• Firearms, steel weapons, and horses provided military advantages

• Old World diseases devastated Indigenous populations

• Advanced navigation and ship technology enabled long-distance voyages

• Large Indigenous iron armies immediately allied and ruled Europe

• Immediate abolition of slavery created equal partnerships

Unit 1 — Age of Exploration — What is the best example of Resistance to European Exploration?

• Tokugawa Japan’s isolationist sakoku policies restricting most foreign contact

• Spain’s encomienda system organizing colonial labor

• Portugal’s development of the caravel for ocean voyages

• The Treaty of Tordesillas dividing spheres between Portugal and Spain