Domain 4 – Evolution: 15-Question Assessment

One of the main ways that evolution can occur is through natural selection. The process usually goes as follows: ​ (a)   exists in a population, mainly from mutations. Overpopulation leads to ​ (b)   , which leads to the more fit individuals surviving and reproducing. This process is always going back and forth because the environment is never ​ (c)   for long. Over time, we see allele frequencies for beneficial mutations ​ (d)   in the gene pool.

• variation
• competition
• stable
• increase
• decrease
• genetic drift

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​ (a)   can occur through 2 main mechanisms: ​ (b)   where species that are more fit survive and reproduce, and ​ (c)   where random chance events can occur, like a bottleneck or founder effect, and reduce the genetic variation. ​ (d)   is the movement of genes between populations; in other words, migration.

• Natural selection
• Genetic drift
• Evolution
• Gene flow
• Mutations

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​ (a)   is the process where allele frequencies fluctuate due to random chance, rather than from survival of the fittest. There are 2 main types of this: ​ (b)   effect, where a small population colonizes another area. And the ​ (c)   effect, where a small population is left after a natural disaster. Both of these processes leads to a ​ (d)   in the genetic diversity of the population.

• Genetic drift
• Founder
• Bottleneck
• Decrease
• Increase

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Convergent

,

(b) Divergent

,

(c) Coevolution

• 2 species affect each other's evolution through close ecological interactions

• 
• 
• 
• Different species develop similar adaptations, due to similar environmental pressure

• Closely related species develop different traits due to different environmental pressures

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Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Temporal

,

(b) Behavioral

,

(c) Geographic

• timing; breeding seasons

• Flowers that bloom in spring versus during fall

• A population of salamanders are separated due to a mountain

• mating rituals; dances, songs, pheromones

• A bird performing a dance to attract a mate

• physical barriers; mountains, rivers, etc

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Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Disruptive Selection

,

(b) Directional Selection

,

(c) Stabilizing Selection

• A population of prey develop faster speed in response to a predator.

• Phenotypes available are white, gray, black. Over time, White and black become more common.

• 
• The weight of babies

• Selection for both extremes

• Selection for average

• Selection for one extreme

• 
• 

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Reorder the following for how antibiotic resistance would occur:

• Variation exists in population from naturally occurring mutations

• All of this leads to a directional selection for resistance, a kind of natural selection

• Organisms within population that survive antibiotic reproduce, passing on genes for resistance

• Antibiotic applied to population, those without mutation for resistance die

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Which of the following explains why vaccines need to be updated yearly?

• Vaccines need to be updated yearly to give antivaxxers something to complain about

• Vaccines need to be updated yearly to reduce side effects.
• Vaccines need to be updated yearly to enhance public awareness.
• Vaccines need to be updated yearly, due to the high mutation rate of viruses

A  population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide.  Some cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray.  What can BEST be inferred from this example?

• species will adapt no matter what the environment
• environment has no effect on the survival of an organism
• Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce
• Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation

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Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Homologous Structure

,

(b) Analogous Structure

,

(c) Vestigial Structure

,

(d) Embryology

• Similarities in early development

• 
• Similar structure, different function

• Structure that served a purpose in ancestor, but now has reduced function

• 
• Divergent Evolution

• Different structure, similar function

• 
• 
• Convergent Evolution

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