1. Structure of Water

Which statement best describes why water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other?

• Water is polar with oppositely charged ends

• Water is ionic with full positive and negative ions

• Water has metallic bonds between atoms

• Water is nonpolar with equal charge distribution

Which property of water allows aquatic life to survive sudden temperature changes in ponds?

• Ability to dissolve gases

• High specific heat capacity

• Transparency to sunlight

• Low freezing point

A drop of water bulges on a penny without spilling. Which two water properties mainly cause this?

• Adhesion and capillary rise

• Solvent power and density

• Cohesion and surface tension

• Polarity and low viscosity

Which scenario best shows water acting as a universal solvent due to polarity?

• Sugar crystals dissolve evenly in water

• Oil spreads into a thin layer

• Sand settles quickly in a beaker

• Ice floats above liquid water

Which stage of the water cycle turns liquid water into water vapor from oceans and lakes?

• Runoff moves water over land surfaces

• Precipitation drops rain, snow, or hail

• Evaporation changes liquid water to vapor

• Condensation cools water vapor into clouds

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

What happens during condensation in the water cycle?

• Water vapor cools and forms clouds

• Liquid water warms and evaporates

• Ice melts and becomes surface water

• Plants release water as transpiration

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Which process adds water to rivers by flowing across land after heavy rain?

• Runoff carries water over land

• Condensation builds clouds in the sky

• Infiltration soaks water into ground

• Transpiration releases water from plants

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

A student observes rain followed by stream levels rising and nearby wells refilling. Which sequence best explains these changes?

• Condensation → infiltration → evaporation

• Evaporation → condensation → transpiration

• Transpiration → precipitation → surface storage

• Precipitation → runoff → aquifer recharge

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Groundwater is best described as water that is stored where?

• In lakes, rivers, and ponds

• In clouds formed by condensation

• Within aquifers beneath Earth’s surface

• On mountains as snowpack reservoirs

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

If a city paves more roads, which outcome is most likely for local water movement?

• Runoff decreases across land

• Infiltration increases into aquifers

• Runoff increases and infiltration decreases

• Condensation increases near the surface