Language Development and Grammar- p 3

What is the term for using emotion instead of logic to convince someone?

• Appeal to Emotion

• Straw Man

• Red Herring

• False Dilemma

Genie Wiley was a girl who experienced extreme isolation. What happened to her and how did she use language?

• She was isolated for most of her childhood and struggled to acquire language after being discovered.

• She was a famous linguist who developed a new language.

• She was a child prodigy who spoke multiple languages fluently from a young age.

• She was a teacher who taught language to children in orphanages.

The Theory of Universal Grammar claims that:

• Humans are born with an innate ability to acquire language through a universal grammar and a language acquisition device.

• Language is learned solely through imitation and reinforcement.

• Each language has completely unique grammatical rules unrelated to others.

• Grammar is only learned after extensive formal education.

Which of the following lists the four properties of human language?

• Arbitrariness, Discreteness, Duality, Productivity

• Creativity, Simplicity, Redundancy, Flexibility

• Universality, Specificity, Complexity, Regularity

• Ambiguity, Redundancy, Simplicity, Flexibility

Chomsky and Saffran have different views on whether language is innate. Which statement best contrasts their perspectives?

• Chomsky believes language is innate, while Saffran emphasizes learning from environmental input.

• Both Chomsky and Saffran believe language is entirely learned from the environment.

• Saffran argues language is innate, while Chomsky believes it is learned.

• Neither Chomsky nor Saffran believe language is influenced by biology.

What is phonology?

• The sound system of a language. Rules about how sounds can be combined.

• The study of word meanings.

• The structure of sentences in a language.

• The history of a language.

What are phonemes?

• The smallest units of sound that change meaning. Example: /p/ vs. /b/ in pat vs. bat.

• The written symbols used to represent words.

• The rules for combining words into sentences.

• The smallest units of meaning in a language.

What is orthography?

• The writing system of a language (spelling conventions).

• A type of spoken dialect.

• A grammatical rule for sentence structure.

• A method of language translation.

What are graphemes?

• The smallest written units, like letters or letter groups.

• A type of punctuation mark used in sentences.

• A type of spoken sound in language.

• A grammatical rule for sentence structure.

Explain the following linguistic concepts with examples: Grapheme, Morphology, Morphemes, Semantics, Syntax. Provide examples for each.

• Grapheme: A grapheme is the smallest unit in a writing system. Example: “sh” is one grapheme even though it's two letters. Morphology: The rules for how meaningful units (morphemes) combine to form words. Morphemes: The smallest units of meaning. Example: un + help + ful = 3 morphemes. Semantics: Meaning of words and sentences. Syntax: Rules for sentence structure (order of words). Example: English uses Subject–Verb–Object word order.

• Grapheme: The largest unit in a writing system. Example: “sh” is two graphemes. Morphology: The study of sentence structure. Morphemes: The largest units of meaning. Example: unhelpful = 1 morpheme. Semantics: The sound of words. Syntax: The meaning of words and sentences.

• Grapheme: The sound of a word. Example: “sh” is a phoneme. Morphology: The study of word sounds. Morphemes: The smallest units of sound. Example: un + help + ful = 1 morpheme. Semantics: The spelling of words. Syntax: The order of letters in a word.

• Grapheme: The smallest unit of sound in a language. Example: “sh” is a phoneme. Morphology: The study of word order in sentences. Morphemes: The largest units of meaning. Example: unhelpful = 1 morpheme. Semantics: The pronunciation of words. Syntax: The meaning of words and sentences.