Cardiovascular System Quiz1

If the mitral valve (between left atrium and left ventricle) becomes leaky, what is the most direct consequence during ventricular contraction?

• Backflow of blood into the pulmonary veins

• Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the atria

• Reduced volume of blood ejected into the aorta

• Increased pressure in the right ventricle

A patient has a blockage in the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Which chamber of the heart is most directly at risk of impaired function?

• Right atrium

• Right ventricle

• Left atrium

• Left ventricle

During vigorous exercise, which of the following cardiovascular changes would NOT be expected?

• Increased heart rate

• Dilation of systemic capillaries in active muscles

• Constriction of arteries to the digestive system

• Decreased blood flow to the lungs via pulmonary arteries

A person with severe iron deficiency anemia is likely to experience fatigue primarily because:

• Their white blood cell count is low, increasing infection risk

• Their platelets are reduced, causing easy bruising

• Their red blood cells have decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

• Their plasma volume is reduced, lowering blood pressure

If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, what is the most likely immediate effect on blood flow?

• Cessation of blood flow to the lungs

• Uncoordinated contractions and reduced pumping efficiency

• Reversal of blood flow in the aorta

• Immediate stoppage of all heart contractions

In comparing a cross-section of an artery and a vein of similar diameter, you would find the artery has:

• A larger lumen and thinner walls

• Valves and a thicker tunica media

• A thicker tunica media and no valves

• A thinner wall and more elastic fibers

What is the correct sequence of blood flow from the moment it leaves the left ventricle until it returns to the right atrium?

• Aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins → vena cava

• Aorta → veins → capillaries → arteries → vena cava

• Pulmonary vein → capillaries → pulmonary artery → vena cava

• Arterioles → aorta → capillaries → veins → arterioles

A patient with type AB blood is in an accident and needs an emergency transfusion. Which donor blood type would trigger the most dangerous immune reaction?

Which of the following best explains why carbon monoxide poisoning is life-threatening?

• It increases heart rate excessively

• It binds to hemoglobin more tightly than oxygen, preventing oxygen transport

• It causes platelets to aggregate, blocking capillaries

• It destroys white blood cells, leading to immunodeficiency

If the foramen ovale (an opening in the fetal atrial septum) fails to close after birth, what is the primary physiological problem?

• Oxygenated blood mixes with deoxygenated blood, reducing systemic oxygen delivery

• Blood cannot flow to the lungs

• The left ventricle becomes overloaded

• Heart valves cannot function properly