Chapter 1 - Test Review- Theory and Science of Human Development

Fernando believes that the presence or absence of certain experiences in life has a long-lasting influence on individuals. He further believes that there is rapid, innate learning that involves attachment to the first moving object seen and that this learning takes place at a critical period very early in the life of an animal. In this scenario, Fernando is most likely taking a(n) ______ approach to human development.

• Ethological

• Cognitive

• Behavioral

• Humanistic

A recent television documentary concluded that from birth, girls are more nurturing than boys. Daniel agrees with this. He believes nurturing is an evolutionary trait passed on through the generations because females needed to be more nurturing to aid the survival of the species. Daniel's view reflects the ______ perspective of development.

• Ethological

• Cognitive

• Behavioral

• Psychodynamic

Which of the following correlations is the strongest?

• -0.85

• 0.60

• 0.30

• -0.40

According to the scientific method, which of the following describes the sequence Robin should follow?

• Form a hypothesis, conduct an experiment, analyze data, draw a conclusion

• Draw a conclusion, analyze data, conduct an experiment, form a hypothesis

• Conduct an experiment, form a hypothesis, analyze data, draw a conclusion

• Analyze data, form a hypothesis, conduct an experiment, draw a conclusion

Many of Freud’s followers moved focus from ______ to the impact of cultural experiences on development.

• sexual instincts

• cognitive skills

• moral values

• emotional intelligence

Dr. Jackson's research has found that the correlation between IQ and head circumference is +.10. From this information, we can conclude that _______.

• there is a weak relationship between head size and IQ.

• there is a strong relationship between head size and IQ.

• there is no relationship between head size and IQ.

• head circumference determines IQ.

The _____ consists of links between a social setting in which an individual does not have an active role and the individual's immediate context.

• Ecosystem

• Microsystem

• Macrosystem

• Chronosystem

The elementary school years, in which children need to direct their energy toward mastering knowledge and intellectual skills, is when Erikson's stage of _____ takes place.

• industry versus inferiority

• identity versus role confusion

• initiative versus guilt

• autonomy versus shame and doubt

Two-year-old Inez is learning to talk, and her parents would say that her favorite word is "no." This would be considered normal for a child in Erik Erikson's lifespan stage of _______.

• autonomy versus shame and doubt.

• trust versus mistrust.

• initiative versus guilt.

• industry versus inferiority.

_____ theories describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.

• Psychoanalytic

• Behavioral

• Cognitive

• Humanistic