Nervous and Endocrine System

Select all statements that correctly describe the functions of the nervous system and the endocrine system.

• Receive and send messages

• Monitor and respond to changes inside and outside the body

• Maintain homeostasis by releasing hormones

• Hormones regulate other glands and organs within the endocrine system

• Transport oxygen through the blood

Which list names the three types of neurons found within the nervous system?

• Sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

• Receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron

• Sensory neuron, effector, motor neuron

• Interneuron, receptor, hormone

Choose the correct sequence showing the order that a message travels through the nervous system.

• Stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → response/effector

• Stimulus → sensory neuron → receptor → interneuron → motor neuron → response/effector

• Stimulus → motor neuron → interneuron → sensory neuron → receptor → response/effector

• Receptor → stimulus → sensory neuron → motor neuron → interneuron → response/effector

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-8

What is a reflex?

• An action performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought

• A learned behavior that requires conscious decision-making

• The release of hormones to regulate other glands

• A muscle contraction caused only by training

Give an example of a stimulus and a response. Which option shows a correct stimulus–response pair?

• Stimulus – Touching a hot pan; Response – Moving hand away from hot pan

• Stimulus – Seeing a pan; Response – Thinking about dinner

• Stimulus – Moving hand toward a hot pan; Response – Touching the hot pan

• Stimulus – Hearing music; Response – Blinking once

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-8

What are the two components of the central nervous system (CNS)?

• Brain and spinal cord

• Brain and peripheral nerves

• Spinal cord and peripheral nerves

• Brain and cerebrum only

What are the three main parts of the brain and what is the difference between voluntary or involuntary? Select all correct statements.

• Cerebrum: conscious thinking, memory, reasoning, judgement; voluntary

• Cerebellum: coordinates balance, posture and movement of muscles; involuntary

• Medulla (brain stem): controls breathing rate, heart rate and other actions; involuntary

• Cerebrum: controls heart rate; involuntary

• Cerebellum: responsible for conscious thinking; voluntary

What happens when an injury or disease disrupts the vertebral column, causing damage to the spinal cord?

• Paralysis occurs from the location of damage and downward

• Only swelling at the injury site occurs and then resolves

• Pain increases briefly but movement remains normal

• Hearing loss occurs due to nerve damage

What is the peripheral nervous system?

• The nerves of the body that connect the CNS to the rest of the body and control both voluntary and involuntary actions

• Only the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary actions

• Muscles and bones that protect the CNS

• A single nerve that runs along the vertebral column

Label the Neuron: In the diagram, what structure is labeled A?

• Dendrites

• Nucleus

• Axon

• Axon terminal