Ecological Succession

How do lichens contribute to primary succession?

• Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants
• Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil
• Lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria
• Lichens convert carbohydrates into fossil fuels.

What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?

• pioneer species
• soil
• climax community
• lichens

After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -

• primary succession
• secondary succession
• climax community
• limiting factors

Which of the following best describes primary succession?

• Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash covered soil

• Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem

• Forest fire burns down forest that must bounce back over time

• Tornado destroys a crop that must slowly grow back over time.

If farmers use a controlled burn to prevent forest fires, what would most likely be the first plants to return?

• trees

• shrubs

• mosses

• grasses

Which would most likely result in primary succession?

• old forest growing

• undisturbed prairie

• pollution kills mountain lake species

• a Newly formed volcanic island

What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?

• primary succession
• ecological succession
• secondary succession
• intermediate

After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?

• Lichens → Shrubs → Grasses → Trees
• Lichens → tree → shrubs→Grasses
• Grasses → Lichens → Shrubs → Trees
• Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees

This is the process that forms a new ecosystem where no organisms lived before.

• resource
• invasive (non- native) species
• primary succession
• competition

this type of succession occurs after a forest fire

• primary succession
• secondary succession
• both