10th Grade Physical Science Review

An atom has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Which statement is correct?

• The atom is an ion with a +1 charge

• The atom is an isotope of chlorine

• The atomic mass is 17 amu

• The atom has 18 valence electrons

Which electron configuration represents a neutral sodium atom?

• 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

• 1s² 2s² 2p⁶

• 1s² 2s² 2p⁵

• 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

Elements in the same group on the periodic table have similar properties because they:

• Have the same atomic mass

• Have the same number of energy levels

• Have the same number of valence electrons

• Are all metals

Which scenario best demonstrates a chemical change rather than a physical change?

• Ice cubes melting in a glass of water

• Sugar dissolving completely in warm tea

• Iron reacting with oxygen to form a new substance

• Water changing from liquid to gas during boiling

A metal block sinks in water and has a mass of 200 g and a volume of 25 cm³. Based on this information, which statement is correct?

• The block has a density of 5 g/cm³ and will float

• The block has a density of 8 g/cm³ and is denser than water

• The block has a density of 25 g/cm³ because mass is greater than volume

• The block’s density cannot be determined without temperature data

Gases expand to fill the shape and volume of their container primarily because gas particles:

• Are heavier than liquid particles

• Have strong intermolecular attractions

• Move randomly with negligible attractive forces

• Vibrate in fixed positions but at high speeds

A sealed metal container is heated while its volume remains constant. Which change best explains the resulting increase in pressure?

• Gas particles move more slowly and collide less often

• Gas particles gain kinetic energy and collide more frequently with container walls

• Gas particles increase in mass

• Gas particles experience stronger attractive forces

A sports drink is mixed so thoroughly that every sip tastes the same and has the same concentration of dissolved substances. How should this drink be classified?

• A heterogeneous mixture because it contains different substances

• A pure substance because it looks uniform

• A homogeneous mixture because its particles are evenly distributed

• A compound because the ingredients cannot be separated

A sample of carbon dioxide has a mass of 44 g. What does this indicate about the number of particles in the sample?

• It contains exactly 1 mole, or 6.02 × 10²³ molecules

• It contains 44 moles of CO₂

• It contains 22 g of carbon and 22 g of oxygen atoms

• It contains fewer particles than 1 mole of any substance

Which type of bond forms when one atom loses electrons and another atom gains those electrons due to a large difference in electronegativity?

• Covalent

• Metallic

• Ionic

• Hydrogen