Groundwater Quiz Topic 2 TEST

Water that fills the cracks and spaces in solid rock is ​ (a)   .

​ (b)   are layers of impermeable rock in the ground that hold groundwater. The upper level of the saturated zone is called the water ​​ (c)   .

Groundwater is accessed and removed using ​ (d)   . Which terms best complete the sentences?

• groundwater
• Aquifers
• table
• wells
• surface water
• rain water
• porosity
• Ponds
• Canals
• permeability

The Ogallala aquifer, as shown on the map, covers a very large area in the central United States. The groundwater was deposited by ancient rivers millions of years ago and is used by farmers to water their crops. The groundwater in the aquifer is not being replenished as quickly as it is being used. Which best describes how human actions can beneficially influence the Ogallala aquifer to keep groundwater access?

• A. Water conservation measures

• B. Drilling more water wells

• C. Making existing wells deeper

• D. Use air sparging

A chemical spill occurs in a river. Is the groundwater in the watershed affected by the spill?

• It is affected because groundwater is where the river runs underground.

• It is affected because river water can seep into the ground and recharge the groundwater.

• It is not affected because groundwater and river water are not connected.

• It is not affected because groundwater is continually filtered by the ground.

A community is providing suggestions for how people can protect groundwater. Which suggestions should they use? Select two answers.

• Close up underground fuel tanks

• Drill new wells in the area

• Pave the unused fields in the area

• Water lawns every other day

Explain how the water table has changed over time using clues in the image.

Describe the changes in the water level shown in the graph from 1991 to 2009. What may have occurred in that time period to cause those changes? Describe the changes in the water level shown in the graph from 2009 to 2015. What may have occurred in that time period to cause that trend?

• From 1991 to 2009, the water level decreased, possibly due to drought or increased water usage; from 2009 to 2015, the water level increased, likely due to increased rainfall or conservation efforts.

• From 1991 to 2009, the water level increased, possibly due to heavy rainfall; from 2009 to 2015, the water level decreased, likely due to drought.

• From 1991 to 2009, the water level remained constant; from 2009 to 2015, the water level sharply decreased due to pollution.

• From 1991 to 2009, the water level fluctuated randomly; from 2009 to 2015, the water level stayed the same due to stable climate conditions.

All bodies of fresh water, salt water, ice, and snow that are found above ground

• Groundwater

• Surface water

• Runoff

• Swimming pool

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Sand is ___________, meaning that water can pass through easily.

• Permeable
• Impermeable
• Solid
• Soft