EM IGCSE Unit 1 - Rocks & Minerals

Which term refers to the entrance of a horizontal (drift) mine?

• Adit

• Stope

• Shaft

• Portal

Biomagnification describes which process in food webs?

• Pollutants diluted by primary producers

• Concentration rising at higher trophic levels

• Nutrients cycling between organisms

• Energy decreasing along the food chain

Bioremediation is best defined as

• Burning waste to reduce volume

• Filtering water through activated carbon

• Using living organisms to remove toxins

• Burying contaminants in lined pits

Deep mining is classified as

• Sub-surface extraction method

• Shallow trenching technique

• Surface quarry operation

• River dredging approach

An Environmental Impact Assessment primarily

• Calculates project financial returns

• Evaluates probable environmental effects

• Designs engineering specifications

• Schedules construction activities

Geochemical properties of rocks are concerned with

• Biological fossils and remains

• Magnetic fields and gravity

• Physical layering and faults

• Chemical composition and reactions

Geophysical properties of rocks relate to

• Physical characteristics like density

• Biological activity within soil

• Economic value of ore bodies

• Chemical makeup of minerals

Igneous rock is formed primarily

• Through deposition in lakes

• From compressed plant material

• By evaporation of seawater

• During volcanic processes

Magma is best described as

• Metals refined in smelters

• Sediment formed in rivers

• Solidified lava on the crust

• Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface

The mean of a dataset is calculated by

• Total of values divided by count

• Largest minus smallest number

• Middle value after ordering

• Most frequently occurring entry