Thermal Energy

A hot air balloon contains air that expands as it is heated. What type of thermal energy transfer causes a hot air balloon to rise?

• convection

• conduction

• radiation

• heat

When a substance is cooled, what happens to the particles of the substance?

• kinetic energy increases

• kinetic energy decreases

• potential energy increases

• potential energy decreases

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

The total amount of thermal energy in an object depends on its temperature and its

• mass

• composition

• specific heat

• volume

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

This causes the wax of the candle to melt away from the flame.​ ​ (a)  

This causes the heat to be felt by someone sitting near the candle.​ (b)  

This causes the flame to get longer and cool air to move into the bottom of the flame.​ ​ ​ (c)  

• convection
• conduction
• radiation

Two equal volume of water are in a large container, separated by a divider. The water on one side is at 60°C and the water on the other side is 40°C. How will you know when the container

has reached thermal equilibrium once you have removed the divider?

• Convection currents will prevent this system from reaching thermal equilibrium.

• The temperature of the water on the cooler side will have warmed to 60°C.

• The temperature throughout the container will be approximately 50°C.

• The temperature of the water on the warmer side will have cooled to 40°C.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Wind is a result of the uneven heating of Earth’s surface. What type of energy transfer occurs

when warm air rises and forces cooler air masses downward?

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

• thermal energy

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Luis and Marta built a solar oven. They cut the top of a box so it could function like a lid. They

then lined the lid and the entire inside of the box with aluminum foil. They placed a piece of

black construction paper at the bottom of the box, and after putting hotdogs on a plate inside so

they could cook, they sealed the top up with plastic wrap. Their solar oven is shown in the im‐

age. The aluminum foil maximized which type of energy transfer?

• radiation

• conduction

• convection

• convection and radiation

Alayna wants to make a popsicle, so she freezes a cup of juice. If the juice has cooled from 20

degrees Celsius to 10 degrees Celsius, what has happened to the kinetic energy of the juice

molecules?

• The average kinetic energy of the molecules has about doubled.

• The average kinetic energy of the molecules is about half what it was originally.

• The average kinetic energy of the molecules has increased by about 10 times.

• The average kinetic energy of the molecules has decreased by about 10 times.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

The image shows patterns of movement of the material within Earth's mantle. How are these

movements related to the transfer of thermal energy?

• They are conduction currents, responsible for transferring thermal energy

  through direct contact.

• They are currents created by radiation from the Sun heating the materials close

  to the surface.

• They are convection currents, created as the mantle is heated by Earth's core.

• The movements within the mantle are completely unrelated to the transfer of

  thermal energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Select the statements that correctly describe the processes occurring during convection.

• A) Thermal energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves to objects that absorb

  radiation and gain energy.

• B) Thermal energy is transferred through the movement of a liquid or a gas.

• C) Thermal energy is transferred by direct with the heat source and a conductive

  material.

• D) As particles cool, they slow down and move closer together, falling toward the

  bottom.

• E) Heated particles move faster and spread apart, rising to the top of the container.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5