Pre1

The philosophical theory that two distinct systems—the material body and the immaterial soul—are involved in controlling behavior is called ____________.

• Dualism

• Nativism

• Materialism

• Empiricism

The Law of Association by Contiguity states that if two things happen close together in ____ they will become _____ in the mind.

• time, associated

• space, stuck

• experience, tied

• time, broken

If someone is interested in how the processing and organization of memories related to bias contribute to prejudiced beliefs and behaviors. They are looking for a _____ explanation of prejudice.

• cognitive

• cultural

• social

• learning

Hobbes's materialism indicates that:

• The body and the mechanistic brain control all voluntary and involuntary behavior.

• The body and soul separate humans from animals.

• People learn through sensory experience.

• People behave in certain ways because they are raised in different cultures.

Which statement correctly represents the influence of empiricist philosophy on psychology?

• Contemporary psychologists believe that some knowledge is inborn.

• Empiricism inspired Ivan Pavlov's work toward the development of cognitive psychology.

• Most psychologists are interested in the effects of experiences on one's thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

• Empiricism influenced early psychologists' beliefs, but has no real application in the field today.

The idea that an inanimate object cannot learn because it does not possess any innate knowledge demonstrates which theory?

• empiricism.

• nativism.

• materialism

• behaviorism

Which area of psychology would best explain individual behavior in terms of past experiences with the environment?

• cognitive.

• learning.

• social.

• evolutionary.

A psychologist attempts to understand the conditions in which people are more likely to go along with a decision of the group even when they know the group is wrong. Understanding the influence that other people have on an individual's behavior is most consistent with a _____ level of analysis.

• cultural

• cognitive

• social

• learning

Hassam traveled to three different countries to study the differences among people and the ways by which people's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by their societies. Hassam is probably interested in _____ psychology.

• cultural

• cognitive

• evolutionary

• social

Psychology is the science of behavior and the mind. Behavior refers to:

• the observable actions of a person or an animal.

• an individual's sensations, perceptions, memories, thoughts, dreams, motives, emotional feelings, and other subjective experiences.

• the parts of the brain that serve specific functions in the production of mental experience.

• adolescent brain function.