DNA / Genetics/ Protein Synthesis Vocabulary – Grade 10 Quiz

Which term is defined as a molecule made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base; the monomer of nucleic acid?

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid

• Nucleotide

• Gene

• Genome

Which term is defined as the carrier of genetic information present in nearly all organisms; forms a double helix?

• Genome

• Hydrogen bonds

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

• Sugar–phosphate backbone

Which component of a nucleotide changes to carry the genetic code and includes adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil (found only in RNA)?

• Phosphate group

• Five‑carbon sugar

• Nitrogenous base

• Hydrogen bond

In DNA, which base pairings are correct according to the complementary base‑pairing rule? Select all that apply.

• A–T

• A–G

• G–C

• T–C

Which term names the primary physical shape of double‑stranded DNA molecules?

• Double helix

• Single strand

• Closed circular loop

• Linear ladder

Which term is defined as segments of DNA that code for protein or functional RNA?

• Genes

• Genome

• Nucleotides

• Hydrogen bonds

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which bonds between complementary nitrogen bases hold the two strands of DNA together?

• Hydrogen bonds

• Phosphodiester bonds

• Ionic bonds

• Peptide bonds

Which term describes the structural foundation of DNA and RNA, comprised of repeating 5‑carbon sugar and phosphate molecules linked together?

• Sugar–phosphate backbone

• Nitrogenous base

• Hydrogen bonds

• Genome

Which description defines the process by which cells grow and divide to produce more somatic cells for growth, repair, and replacement?

• Cell cycle

• Meiosis

• Cellular respiration

• Protein synthesis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Select the term that matches this definition: The process by which DNA makes an identical copy of itself; happens during S-phase.

• DNA replication (synthesis)

• Mitosis

• Mutagen

• Cytokinesis