Ecological succession

What is ecological succession?

• A gradual and predictable process of species and habitat change over time

• A sudden and unpredictable change in an ecosystem

• A process that only occurs after human intervention

• A method of preventing natural disasters

Which type of ecological succession starts in lifeless areas with no soil?

• Primary Succession

• Secondary Succession

• Climax Succession

• Intermediate Succession

What is the role of pioneer species in ecological succession?

• They prepare the environment for the next set of species

• They dominate the climax community

• They prevent other species from growing

• They only grow in areas with existing soil

What is the typical progression of primary succession?

• Bare Rock → Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Small Trees → Mature Forest

• Disturbance → Annual Plants → Grasses → Shrubs → Pine Forest → Mature Hardwood Forest

• Bare Rock → Annual Plants → Shrubs → Mature Hardwood Forest

• Disturbance → Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Mature Forest

What happens during the intermediate stage of secondary succession?

• Pine trees and young shrubs grow rapidly in open sunlight

• Lichens and mosses grow on rocks

• Shade-tolerant hardwood trees dominate

• Fast-growing weeds and grasses appear