Sovereignty and Liberal Ideals

Which statement best defines sovereignty in the context of political authority?

• The power to govern oneself or a nation

• The belief that trade should be unrestricted

• The practice of appointing royal advisors

• The tradition of hereditary noble titles

What key Enlightenment idea led to popular sovereignty?

• Mercantilism and colonial expansion

• Conquest and divine right of kings

• Clergy oversight of royal policies

• Reason and the consent of the governed

In an absolute monarchy, where is sovereignty located?

• In elected representatives only

• Shared equally by all citizens

• In the hands of the king or queen

• In independent local governors

Under popular sovereignty, what makes a government legitimate?

• Control of major trade routes

• Consent of the people being governed

• Approval of neighboring monarchs

• Success in foreign military campaigns

Which change did popular sovereignty encourage during the long nineteenth century?

• Greater power for religious institutions

• Expansion of absolute royal authority

• Recognition of individual rights for citizens

• Return to feudal obligations for peasants

Which term is best matched with its definition in liberal thought?

• Liberal: philosophy promoting individual rights and democracy

• Liberal: doctrine that kings rule by divine appointment

• Popular sovereignty: wealth determines political authority

• Popular sovereignty: church oversight of civil government

Which statement best explains why sovereignty did not equal equality in many Enlightenment-era societies?

• Slaves could easily become full citizens

• All citizens shared equal voting rights

• Rights varied by class, race, and gender

• Women had universal access to education

What did the Three-Fifths Compromise determine about counting enslaved people for representation?

• Each enslaved person counted as one-half

• Each enslaved person counted as three-fifths

• Enslaved people were not counted at all

• Enslaved people counted as full citizens

Which group most commonly held full political rights in Europe and its colonies during this period?

• White land-owning males

• All adult citizens equally

• Enslaved men and women

• Working-class men and women

Identify a reason many women lacked personal sovereignty despite Enlightenment ideals.

• Higher wages than working-class men

• Limited access to new social opportunities

• Legal requirement to hold public office

• Equal inheritance with male relatives