Foundations and Theories of Emotion

Which set best represents the four commonly taught components of emotion in this unit?

• Physiological arousal, expressive behavior, conscious experience, feeling labels

• Cognitive dissonance, motor output, unconscious drives, reflex arcs

• Sympathetic tone, somatic reflexes, implicit memory, hormones

• Homeostatic imbalance, voluntary action, attachment bonding, schemas

According to Izard, how many basic emotions are proposed, and what key feature do they share?

• Five emotions that require social learning

• Twelve emotions that are language dependent

• Seven emotions that are culturally learned

• Ten emotions that are universally expressed

Which list contains only emotions typically included in Izard’s ten basic emotions?

• Curiosity, shame, admiration, trust

• Surprise, boredom, envy, guilt

• Awe, jealousy, pride, nostalgia

• Joy, anger, fear, disgust

The James-Lange theory primarily claims which sequence of events?

• Cognitive appraisal labels arousal and then arousal occurs

• Physiological arousal occurs first and then emotion is felt

• Emotion is felt first which then causes bodily arousal

• Arousal and emotion occur simultaneously without appraisal

Which scenario best illustrates the James-Lange theory?

• You decide a dog is dangerous, then your heart begins racing

• You notice a loud sound but remain calm despite sweating

• Your heart races while running from a dog, and you then feel fear

• You feel fear and your heart and thoughts change together

The Schachter-Singer two-factor theory adds which element beyond physiological arousal?

• Cognitive labeling of arousal to produce emotion

• Genetic predispositions determining all emotions

• A reflex loop that bypasses cortical processing

• Fixed action patterns explaining facial expressions

Which example best fits the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory?

• Your heart rate stays steady while you celebrate, so you label the feeling as joy

• You first feel joy which then increases your heart rate later

• Your heart races after a workout; seeing a friend’s win, you interpret arousal as excitement

• You feel nothing until a reflex triggers facial muscles automatically

Which statement about emotion detection accuracy reflects common findings emphasized in this unit?

• Detection skill depends only on culture and never on sex

• Both sexes detect emotions equally with no differences

• Men tend to be substantially better than women at detection

• Women tend to be slightly better emotion detectors than men

Which best defines reappraisal of arousal in emotion regulation?

• Amplifying arousal to intensify emotional reactions

• Reinterpreting physiological arousal to change emotion

• Suppressing all expressions to reduce emotion strength

• Ignoring bodily signals to avoid feeling emotions

Which example illustrates reappraisal of arousal during a stressful exam?

• Viewing a racing heart as helpful focus

• Holding breath to slow heart rate

• Forcing a smile to look confident

• Clenching fists to boost adrenaline