Unit 7 AP Bio

Behavioral isolation

• Isolation caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors.

• Isolation due to geographical barriers preventing mating.

• Isolation resulting from differences in reproductive timing.

• Isolation caused by physical differences in reproductive organs.

Homologous structures

• Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.

• Structures that serve the same function in different species but have different evolutionary origins.

• Structures that are completely unrelated in different species.

• Structures that are identical in structure and function across different species.

Geographic Isolation

• A form of reproductive isolation where two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water.

• A type of isolation that occurs when two populations are separated by time, leading to different mating seasons.

• A form of isolation that happens when two populations occupy the same habitat but do not interbreed due to behavioral differences.

• A reproductive strategy where populations evolve in the same geographic area but develop different traits.

Molecular homologies

• Shared characteristics on the molecular level.

• Differences in molecular structure between species.

• The study of genetic mutations in organisms.

• The process of natural selection affecting molecular traits.

Genetic mutation

• A change of the sequence of a DNA molecule.

• A process of cell division that results in two identical cells.

• An alteration in the structure of a chromosome.

• A type of genetic engineering used to create transgenic organisms.

Speciation

• The process by which species become extinct.

• The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

• The migration of species to new habitats.

• The adaptation of species to their environment.

Gene pool

• All the genes present in a population at any one time.

• The total number of individuals in a population.

• The variety of species in a given habitat.

• The genetic makeup of an individual organism.

Fitness

• An organism's ability to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment, effectively passing on its genes to the next generation.

• The total number of individuals in a population at a given time.

• The process by which organisms change over time through adaptations.

• The variety of different species in a given area.

Antibiotic resistance

• Mutation allows bacteria to resist medication, leading to difficult-to-treat strains.

• Bacteria become more sensitive to medications over time.

• Antibiotics are always effective against all bacteria.

• Bacteria can only resist medication through external factors.

Temporal Isolation

• Prezygotic: When two species breed at different times of day, season, or years, which causes speciation.

• Postzygotic: When two species mate but the offspring are sterile.

• Behavioral: When two species have different mating rituals that prevent them from mating.

• Geographical: When two species are separated by physical barriers like mountains or rivers.