HnSc Physchology

Rina is a child psychologist who often discusses the stages of cognitive development with her colleagues. She explains that children go through various stages such as sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Which psychologist is most associated with this theory?

• Lev Vygotsky

• B.F. Skinner

• Jean Piaget

• Noam Chomsky

In a classroom setting, Wahyu is learning a new language. His teacher rewards him with praise and small treats every time he correctly uses a new word or phrase. What concept does this practice illustrate, which refers to the process of rewarding correct language use to encourage its repetition?

• Extinction

• Punishment

• Positive reinforcement

• Habituation

During a visit to a preschool, Rani noticed that the children were effortlessly picking up new words and phrases while playing with each other. She learned from the teacher that this is the critical period in language development during which children are most capable of acquiring language naturally. What is this term called?

• Sensitive period

• Latency period

• Operational period

• Developmental plateau

During a family outing, Adi points to a glass of milk and says "milk" to his mother, indicating that he wants some. Which of the following is an example of the holophrastic stage of language development?

• A child saying "Daddy go store" to mean "Daddy is going to the store"

• A child saying "milk" to mean "I want milk"

• A child babbling "da-da-da" repeatedly

• A child using full grammatically correct sentences

In a small village, Rahman and Siti often discuss their thoughts and feelings about the world around them. One day, Siti mentions how the words they use seem to shape their understanding of their experiences. This leads them to wonder: What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis primarily concerned with?

• The role of reinforcement in language learning

• The idea that language influences or determines thought

• The stages of cognitive development in children

• The biological basis of language acquisition

Laila is a toddler who is learning to speak. One day, she points to her toy and says, "Car go!" instead of saying, "The car is going." Which of the following best describes Laila's speech pattern?

• Speech that uses only vowel sounds

• Speech that consists of short, essential words while omitting grammatical function words

• Speech that mimics adult language perfectly

• Speech that uses only one word at a time

Dewi is learning to solve complex math problems. She struggles with the concepts but has a tutor who provides her with guidance and support. What is this support called in the context of Vygotsky's theory of language and cognitive development?

• A punishment technique used to discourage incorrect language use

• Temporary support provided by a more knowledgeable person to help a learner accomplish a task

• A stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development

• The process of memorizing vocabulary through repetition

How does B.F. Skinner's behaviorist theory explain language acquisition in children?

• Children acquire language through an innate biological mechanism

• Language is acquired through imitation, reinforcement, and conditioning

• Language development is driven by cognitive maturation stages

• Children learn language solely through social interaction with peers

Ratna, a child raised in a bilingual household, begins speaking two languages simultaneously. Which environmental factor best explains this outcome?

• The child's innate language acquisition device is more active

• Exposure to two languages in the home environment promotes bilingual development

• The child has a higher IQ than monolingual children

• Behavioral reinforcement from teachers at school

Rina is a 4-year-old girl who loves to play pretend with her friends. However, when her teacher asks her to explain what a rainbow means using her own words, Rina finds it difficult to understand and express the concept. According to Piaget's theory, which of the following language-related tasks would Rina most likely struggle with?

• Producing two-word sentences

• Understanding abstract metaphors and hypothetical language

• Recognizing familiar words spoken by caregivers

• Babbling and cooing