IAL Further Programming

In low-level assembly, which instruction loads the contents of a memory address into the accumulator?

• ADD

  adds to address

• LDA

  loads from address

• STO

  stores to address

• STA

  stores ACC value

In sequential file reading with a loop counter from 1 to N, which step is essential before reading the next item?

• Rename the file handle

• Read a record into a variable

• Close the file immediately

• Seek to a random address

Which addressing mode adds a constant offset to a base address to compute the effective address at runtime?

• Relative addressing with an offset

• Indexed addressing with an index

• Indirect addressing via a pointer

• Immediate addressing with a value

Which comparison instruction checks if the accumulator is equal to a value?

• CPZ compare with zero

• CMP compare memory address

• CEQ compare equal value

• JEQ jump if equal

A runtime error occurs when opening a file that does not exist. Which is the most appropriate handling strategy?

• Crash and display stack trace

• Throw and catch, then create file

• Ignore and continue silently

• Loop indefinitely retrying open

In declarative logic, what does an anonymous variable allow in a rule?

• Type-check explicit fields only

• Ignore arguments not needed

• Store intermediate state data

• Guarantee deterministic output

Which statement about relative addressing is correct?

• Stores pointer to pointer

• Uses literal value in opcode

• Adds offset to set address

• Adds index to base register

Which operation is typical when writing a record to a randomly accessed file?

• Read all lines before write

• Always overwrite entire file

• Seek to desired address first

• Append line without position