AP Review 7: Air Pollution

Which statement best describes the relationship between variables in the table?

• Impact factor causes a change in temperature maximum.

• Isoprene levels vary depending on traffic and urbanization.

• Ozone maximum is correlated to average and maximum temperature.

• Changes in average temperature are linked to changes in land use in Berlin.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

NGSS.HS-ESS3-1

NGSS.HS-ESS2-4

Using the modeled Berlin data table for 2006 and 2014 (summer months), which claim is best supported by the data?

• Ozone levels are not a serious air quality concern in Berlin.

• Ozone levels in Berlin were consistently higher in 2014 than in 2006.

• Isoprene’s contribution to ozone levels in Berlin was greatest in July of both years.

• Isoprene levels were negatively correlated with maximum temperature.

• Less-dense, cool air rises up and mixes with the denser warm air above it, increasing thermal pollution in the atmosphere.

• Less-dense, warm air creates a temperature inversion between more-dense layers, trapping pollutants near the ground.

• Dense, warm air from the mountains on the right pushes into the less-dense, cool air mass, causing an inversion layer.

• Movement of air currents over urban areas decreases photochemical smog during summer months.

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NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

NGSS.HS-ESS3-1

NGSS.HS-ESS3-6

Given the same atmospheric-layer diagram of a city in a valley near mountains, which environmental conditions would most likely be required for the inversion to occur?

• A cool sea breeze and a high pressure system

• A warm mountain breeze and a low pressure system

• A cool sea breeze and a low pressure system

• A cool mountain breeze and a high pressure system

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

The graph shows indoor radon levels (Bq m−3) by month for an average home over one year, with the highest levels in winter months and the lowest in summer months. Which is the most likely reason for this trend?

• Home windows are often closed during summer months, causing the levels of radon in the house to build up.

• Barometric pressure changes from summer storms can cause radon levels to increase.

• Radon levels tend to increase in the colder months because the difference in temperature inside and outside the home creates a vacuum pulling radon into the home at a higher rate.

• Increased levels of radon are linked to burning biomass indoors, which increases in winter months when more biomass is burned for cooking and heating.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Based on the indoor radon graph, which source is most likely responsible for the indoor air pollutant shown?

• Cracks in the basement foundation

• Synthetic fiber in carpets and furniture

• Leaking water

• Pet hair

Which statement best describes the efficiency of dry scrubbers at removing particles less than 2 μm?

• Dry scrubbers are less than 20% efficient at removing particles less than 1 μm and increase to over 50% efficiency at removing particles between 1 and 2 μm.

• Dry scrubbers are between 50% and 90% efficient at removing particles less than 2 μm, depending on the flow rate.

• Dry scrubbers are between 5% and 40% efficient at removing particles less than 2 μm in size.

• Dry scrubbers are less than 10% efficient at removing particles less than 1 μm in size.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

Using the scrubber efficiency graph, which method would be most effective at removing the greatest amount of particulate matter from coal-burning power plant emissions?

• Dry scrubbers using a flow rate of 200 L per minute are best suited to remove small particles.

• Dry scrubbers using a flow rate of 450 L per minute are best suited to remove large particles.

• Wet scrubbers using a flow rate of 300 L per minute are best suited to remove small particles.

• Wet scrubbers using a flow rate of 450 L per minute are best suited to remove large particles.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

Based on the evidence, which claim is best supported?

• Frog populations may increase in size as a result of the changes in male vocalizations.

• Female frogs are beginning to prefer males with higher pitched calls.

• More experienced male frogs are no longer preferred by female frogs.

• Frog populations may decrease in size as a result of changes in the pitch of their calls.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

From the article’s discussion of national parks and noise pressure, what is one potential impact of increased noise pollution that is supported by the article?

• Predator-prey interactions will intensify in national parks because of stress caused by noise pollution.

• Prey populations are likely to increase in national parks because predators have a decreased ability to hear prey sounds.

• Prey populations are likely to experience biomagnification of noise pollution.

• Predator species will expand their range beyond park boundaries because of increased noise pollution.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4