Text 1 — The Psychology of Procrastination

According to the passage, what percentage of adults are considered chronic procrastinators?

• Approximately 70% of adults

• Approximately 20% of adults

• More than 50% of the general population

• Fewer than 10% of college students

• Exactly 30% of working adults

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an effective intervention for procrastination?

• Using implementation intentions

• Practising self-compassion

• Breaking tasks into smaller steps

• Increasing dopamine levels through exercise

• Specifying exactly when and how one will act

What role does the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) play, according to the passage?

• It generates negative emotions such as anxiety and boredom

• It stores long-term memories related to task completion

• It is responsible for regulating emotions and translating intentions into action

• It enlarges in chronic procrastinators relative to the amygdala

• It is the primary region associated with fear response

Based on the passage, which conclusion about procrastination can most logically be inferred?

• Procrastinators are generally less intelligent than non-procrastinators

• Improving time-management skills alone is unlikely to fully resolve chronic procrastination

• The amygdala's size can be permanently reduced through cognitive behavioural therapy

• College students procrastinate more than adults because they have larger amygdalae

• All individuals with a large amygdala will inevitably become chronic procrastinators

According to the passage, how much water do vertical farms save compared to conventional agriculture?

• Up to 50% less water through hydroponic systems

• Approximately 75% less water per crop cycle

• Up to 95% less water through closed-loop systems

• Nearly 100% less water due to aeroponic technology

• Between 60–80% less water on average

Based on the passage, what did the 2023 Good Food Institute analysis find about vertical farms' carbon footprint?

• Vertical farms produce zero carbon emissions when powered by renewable energy

• Leafy greens from vertical farms have a carbon footprint two to three times higher than outdoor crops

• Vertical farms powered by the average U.S. grid have a carbon footprint six to eight times higher than outdoor farming

• The carbon footprint of vertical farms is comparable to greenhouse farming in temperate climates

• Vertical farms reduce total agriculture-related carbon emissions by 30% nationally

Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage as a crop type currently grown in vertical farms?

• Lettuce

• Microgreens

• Herbs

• Wheat

• None of the above — all are mentioned as vertically farmed crops

Which conclusion about vertical farming can most logically be inferred from the passage?

• Vertical farming will completely replace conventional agriculture within the next decade

• The high energy costs of vertical farming make it entirely unprofitable as a business model

• Vertical farming is more likely to become sustainable if powered by renewable energy sources

• AeroFarms is the only company currently operating vertical farms at commercial scale

• Staple crops like wheat will soon become economically viable to grow in vertical farms