4.5 Socio-Cognitive & Trait Personality Theories

Which of the following best describes the focus of the social-cognitive theory of personality?

• Fixed personality traits that remain constant across situations

• The interaction of personal factors, behaviors, and the environment

• Unconscious desires and childhood experiences

• The role of brain structure and neurotransmitters in personality

Who is credited with developing the concept of reciprocal determinism?

• Sigmund Freud

• Carl Rogers

• Albert Bandura

• Abraham Maslow

Reciprocal determinism suggests that personality is formed by a continuous interaction among which three factors?

• Genetics, upbringing, and social class

• Personal factors, environment, and behavior

• Conscious thoughts, unconscious drives, and defense mechanisms

• Physical traits, emotional responses, and cognitive abilities

How positively a person views themselves, including their abilities, accomplishments, and values, is best described as:

• Self-efficacy

• Self-concept

• Self-esteem

• Self-actualization

An individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform a specific task is known as:

• Self-esteem

• Self-concept

• Self-efficacy

• Self-awareness

Which term refers to how a person sees and describes themselves, encompassing their personality, skills, roles, and physical traits?

• Self-esteem

• Self-efficacy

• Self-concept

• Self-actualization

Nathan's belief that he can improve his quiz and test scores with more practice and effort, despite a recent poor performance, is an example of:

• Low self-esteem

• High self-efficacy

• A negative self-concept

• Reciprocal determinism

Which of the following is NOT a method typically used by social-cognitive theory to assess personality?

• Behavioral observations

• Situational assessments

• Projective tests

• Interviews

What is the primary focus of trait theories of personality?

• The influence of unconscious drives on behavior

• How individuals interpret and react to social situations

• Enduring characteristics that form a person's personality

• The development of self-concept through childhood experiences