Biology Final Review - Part 1

What does Gregor Mendel's law of independent assortment state?

• Traits are inherited independently of each other.

• Traits are inherited in pairs.

• Traits are inherited based on dominance.

• Traits are inherited randomly without any pattern.

What is the law of segregation according to Gregor Mendel?

• Each parent contributes all alleles to the offspring.

• Alleles separate during gamete formation, ensuring each gamete gets one allele.

• Dominant traits always segregate from recessive traits.

• Traits segregate randomly without any pattern.

What does the law of dominance explain in genetics?

• Dominant traits are always inherited.

• Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles in heterozygous individuals.

• Recessive traits are inherited more frequently than dominant traits.

• Dominant traits segregate independently of recessive traits.

Which term refers to an organism having two identical alleles for a trait?

• Heterozygous

• Homozygous

• Genotype

• Phenotype

What does the term "genotype" refer to in genetics?

• The physical appearance of an organism.

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The dominant traits of an organism.

• The recessive traits of an organism.

What is the term for traits controlled by multiple genes?

• Codominance

• Polygenic

• Incomplete dominance

• Allele

What does "codominance" mean in genetics?

• One allele completely masks the other.

• Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.

• Traits are inherited independently.

• Traits are controlled by multiple genes.

What is the term for an allele that is expressed only when two copies are present?

• Dominant

• Recessive

• Codominant

• Polygenic

What is the dominant trait in pea plants according to the concept of simple dominance?

• Short (t)

• Tall (T)

• Pink flowers (RW)

• White flowers (WW)

In incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of a snapdragon with the genotype RW?

• Red flowers

• White flowers

• Pink flowers

• Tall plant