Practice: TCP Model

At which TCP/IP layer does a web browser request a webpage using HTTP?

• Application layer

• Transport layer

• Internet layer

• Network Access layer

Answer explanation

HTTP is an Application layer protocol used directly by user-facing software. Transport layer handles delivery, not the user-facing protocol itself.

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Blooms Level: Remember

A technician sees TCP segments with sequence numbers in a packet capture. Which layer produced them?

• Internet layer

• Application layer

• Transport layer

• Network Access layer

Answer explanation

TCP segments and sequence numbers belong to the Transport layer, which manages reliable end-to-end delivery. The Internet layer adds IP addresses, not sequence numbers.

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Blooms Level: Apply

Which TCP/IP layer assigns IP addresses to packets so they can be routed across networks?

• Application layer

• Internet layer

• Transport layer

• Network Access layer

Answer explanation

The Internet layer adds IP addressing and handles routing between networks. Transport adds port numbers, not IP addresses.

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Blooms Level: Remember

Ethernet framing and MAC addressing happen at which TCP/IP layer?

• Application layer

• Transport layer

• Internet layer

• Network Access layer

Answer explanation

MAC addresses and Ethernet frames operate at the Network Access layer, which is closest to the physical media. The Internet layer handles IP, not MAC addressing.

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Blooms Level: Remember

Which TWO protocols operate at the TCP/IP Application layer?

• TCP

• DNS

• FTP

• ARP

• IP

Answer explanation

DNS and FTP are Application layer protocols used by end-user services. TCP is Transport layer, IP is Internet layer, and ARP resolves addresses at lower layers.

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Blooms Level: Remember

Which TCP/IP layer most closely combines the OSI Physical and Data Link layers?

• Transport layer

• Application layer

• Internet layer

• Network Access layer

Answer explanation

The Network Access layer merges the OSI Physical and Data Link layers into one. The Internet layer maps only to OSI Network layer.

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Blooms Level: Understand

Which TWO devices operate primarily at the TCP/IP Network Access layer? (Select all that apply)

• Wireless access point

• DNS server

• Router

• Network switch

• Layer 3 firewall

Answer explanation

Switches and wireless access points forward frames using MAC addresses at the Network Access layer. Routers and Layer 3 firewalls operate at the Internet layer using IP addresses.

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Blooms Level: Apply

Which TWO functions belong to the TCP/IP Internet layer? (Select all that apply)

• Routing packets between networks

• Encoding bits onto cable

• Resolving domain names

• Logical addressing with IP

• Reliable session setup

Answer explanation

The Internet layer handles IP addressing and routing packets across networks. DNS resolution belongs to the Application layer, bit encoding to Network Access, and session setup to the Transport layer.

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Blooms Level: Understand

Which TWO statements correctly compare the TCP/IP and OSI models? (Select all that apply)

• TCP/IP has four layers; OSI has seven

• TCP/IP and OSI both have seven layers

• TCP/IP's Application layer maps to OSI's top three layers

• OSI's Data Link layer maps to TCP/IP's Transport layer

• TCP/IP's Internet layer maps to OSI's Physical layer

Answer explanation

TCP/IP uses four layers while OSI uses seven. TCP/IP's Application layer combines OSI's Application, Presentation, and Session layers into one. The other options mismap the models.

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Blooms Level: Analyze