ABPS FINAL EXAM

During a conversation, Becky repeatedly interrupted Sarah while she was peeling potatoes. When Sarah calmly said that she was still peeling, Becky interpreted this as Sarah being angry at her. Becky then reported to Ms. Minchin, who favored her, that Sarah had shouted at her. Later, Sarah attempted to reconcile by offering flavored mashed potatoes, but Becky perceived the gesture as rude. Becky refused to accept the potatoes, shouted inappropriate remarks, threw the potatoes away, and told Sarah, "Hindi kita pinapakain para sigawan mo ako." For Becky's behavior to be considered abnormal, it must meet the following general criteria, EXCEPT:

• Psychological dysfunction

• Extreme distress

• Alienating behavior

• Atypical behavior

In an ancient method, a person believed to be possessed by an evil spirit would undergo a procedure that created an opening in his/her skull. It was believed that the spirit causing psychopathology would be released. This method is called:

• Exorcism

• Trephination

• Lobotomy

• Purging

The following statements is/are not false, EXCEPT:                       

   I.         Benjamin Rush replaced moral treatment with the pharmacological method.

                        II.         Philippe Pinel treated individuals with dignity and humane care.

                      III.         John Grey formulated the celestial causation of insanity

• I and II

• II and III

• I and III

• II only

Who came to be known as the first to specialize in the study of mental illness and is now considered the founder of the modern study of psychopathology?

• Johann Weyer

• Hippocrates

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Emil Kraepelin

The first significant supporting evidence for a biological cause of a mental disorder was the 19th century discovery that the psychotic disorder called general paresis was caused by the same bacterial microorganism that causes

• Malaria

• Syphilis

• Alzheimer's disease

• Hysteria

Referring to behavior and personality as polygenic means that both are:

• Personality and behavior are influenced by only a few genes, but each has a large effect.

• Personality and behavior are influenced by many genes, with each gene contributing a relatively small effect.

• Personality and behavior are rarely influenced by individual genes.

• Personality and behavior are results of genetic structure only.

Which of the following statements is least accurate?

I. Yellow bile was associated with irritability and agitation.
II. Black bile was linked to a melancholic temperament.
III. Blood was associated with emotional restraint and passivity.

• I and II

• II and III

• I only

• III only

The following is/are not examples of polygenetic traits and disorders, EXCEPT:

• I only

• II only

• I and II only

• I and III

In humans, the ability to roll the tongue is influenced by a dominant allele (R), whereas the inability to roll the tongue is determined by a recessive allele (r). Miguel is able to roll his tongue, but his father cannot. Andrea, Miguel's spouse, cannot roll her tongue. Based on this information, which of the following most accurately represents the parental genotypes of Miguel and Andrea?

• Miguel: RR; Andrea: Rr

• Miguel: RR; Andrea: rr

• Miguel: Rr; Andrea: rr

• Miguel: rr; Andrea: Rr

Adrian and Miguel were both exposed to severe childhood maltreatment. Genetic testing revealed that Adrian possesses two long alleles (LL), whereas Miguel possesses two short alleles (SS) of the serotonin transporter gene shown in the diathesis–stress model. Years later, Miguel develops major depressive disorder, while Adrian does not. Based on the model diathesis-stress model of allele combination, which of the following interpretations is most accurate?

• Severe stress alone is sufficient to produce major depression, regardless of genotype.

• Genetic vulnerability moderates the impact of environmental stress on the likelihood of depression.

• Possession of long alleles increases sensitivity to environmental adversity.

• The presence of short alleles protects individuals from the psychological effects of maltreatment.