Middle Ages of the Middle East Vocab List (CFA #2)

a religious image or painting, often of Jesus, Mary, or saints, used in worship in the Eastern Orthodox Church

following traditional beliefs, customs, or practices; sticking to what is generally accepted or established

refers to coins that were officially made or produced by the government; used to run the country’s economy and control trade

 form of art made from small pieces of colored glass, stone, or tile, often used to decorate buildings and churches

a leading or important figure, especially a respected leader in a community or organization

a region or empire ruled by a caliph, the political and religious leader of the Muslim community

a person who studies, learns, and shares knowledge, often in subjects like science, math, or philosophy

a scientific tool used to study the stars and help with navigation, especially useful for travelers and astronomers

decorative, artistic handwriting used especially in Arabic texts and often featured in art and architecture

new ideas, methods, or technologies developed to improve society, military, or culture