Exploring Plant Cells and Their Functions

This lecture supplements reading on plant cells, tissues, organs, and systems. It reviews plant cell structure, emphasizing eukaryotic features and organelles like the nucleus and chloroplasts. The lecture distinguishes between meristematic and adult tissues, detailing their roles in plant growth. It explores vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and ground tissues, highlighting their functions in transport and support. Dermal tissue and plant organs (leaf, stem, root) are discussed, focusing on their roles in photosynthesis, support, and storage. Finally, the shoot and root systems are examined, explaining their functions in plant growth and reproduction.

What is the primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

• DNA replication

• Protein synthesis

• Storage of metabolic compounds and waste

• Photosynthesis

Which structure in plant cells is responsible for housing and protecting the DNA?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Cell wall

What is the main difference between meristematic and adult tissues in plants?

• Meristematic tissues are responsible for storage, while adult tissues are responsible for transport.

• Meristematic tissues are made of dividing cells, while adult tissues are non-dividing.

• Meristematic tissues are involved in photosynthesis, while adult tissues are not.

• Meristematic tissues are found only in roots, while adult tissues are found only in stems.

Where are meristematic tissues primarily located in plants?

• At the tips of shoots and roots

• In the flowers

• In the leaves

• Throughout the entire plant body

What is the primary function of xylem in vascular tissue?

• Transporting nutrients and organic molecules

• Conducting photosynthesis

• Transporting water from roots to leaves

• Providing flexible support

Which type of vascular tissue is responsible for transporting organic molecules around the plant?

• Ground tissue

• Dermal tissue

• Phloem

• Xylem

What is one of the main functions of ground tissue in plants?

• Gas exchange

• Transporting water

• Conducting photosynthesis

• Protecting the plant from herbivores

Which type of ground tissue cell provides flexible support for growing plant organs?

• Guard cells

• Collenchyma cells

• Sieve elements

• Tracheids

What is the function of guard cells in the dermal tissue of plants?

• Providing rigid support

• Opening and closing stomata for gas exchange

• Conducting photosynthesis

• Transporting water

Which plant organ is primarily responsible for anchoring the plant and absorbing water?

• Root

• Stem

• Flower

• Leaf