Exploring Non-coding RNA and Its Role in Biomolecules

The video tutorial explains non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins but perform essential cellular functions. It covers various types of ncRNAs, including micro RNAs (miRNAs) that regulate gene expression, ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) involved in translation, and small nucleolar RNAs (snow RNAs) and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) that modify and process other RNAs. The tutorial also discusses the spliceosome, a complex responsible for RNA splicing in eukaryotic cells.

What is the primary characteristic of non-coding RNAs?

• They are only found in prokaryotic cells.

• They are involved in DNA replication.

• They skip translation and perform functions directly as RNA.

• They are translated into proteins.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a non-coding RNA?

• Micro RNA

• Ribosomal RNA

• Messenger RNA

• Transfer RNA

How do micro RNAs regulate gene expression?

• By degrading ribosomal RNA.

• By base pairing with complementary mRNA sequences.

• By binding to DNA sequences.

• By modifying transfer RNA.

What is the result of micro RNAs binding to mRNA?

• Activation of ribosomal RNA.

• Gene silencing through translational repression or degradation.

• Increased mRNA stability.

• Enhanced translation of the mRNA.

What is the role of ribosomal RNA in the cell?

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome.

• To guide covalent modifications of other RNAs.

• To regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.

• To form the cellular machinery for translating mRNA into proteins.

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

• To silence genes.

• To modify ribosomal RNA.

• To link codons in mRNA to corresponding amino acids.

• To form the ribosome.

What does snoRNA primarily guide?

• Transcription of DNA.

• Covalent modifications of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and small nuclear RNAs.

• Translation of mRNA.

• Degradation of micro RNAs.

What is the average length of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)?

• 50 nucleotides

• 100 nucleotides

• 150 nucleotides

• 200 nucleotides

What is the primary function of snRNAs?

• To degrade mRNA.

• To translate proteins.

• To guide methylation of DNA.

• To process pre-mRNA in the nucleus.

What is the spliceosome responsible for?

• Transcription of DNA.

• Translation of mRNA.

• Splicing out introns from pre-mRNA.

• Degradation of ribosomal RNA.