Exploring Logical Fallacies: Part 2

The video tutorial covers logical fallacies, starting with a review of ad hominem, ad populum, begging the question, and circular reasoning. It then introduces four new fallacies: false analogy, hasty generalization, non sequitur, and post hoc. Each fallacy is explained with examples to illustrate how they manifest in arguments. The tutorial emphasizes understanding the differences between these fallacies and provides practical examples to help students identify them in real-world scenarios.

Which of the following is an example of an ad hominem fallacy?

• Attacking someone's character instead of their argument.

• Claiming something is true because many people believe it.

• Assuming the conclusion in the premises.

• Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.

Why is the comparison between students using notes on exams and surgeons using X-rays during surgery a false analogy?

• Because both require extensive knowledge.

• Because exams and surgeries are the same.

• Because both students and surgeons use tools.

• Because students and surgeons are not comparable.

Which of the following best illustrates a false analogy?

• Running a country is like running a business.

• All humans have bones; crocodiles have bones; therefore, crocodiles are humans.

• The stoplight always turns red when I reach the intersection.

• My friend eats fast food and is healthy, so fast food is healthy.

What is a hasty generalization?

• A conclusion that does not follow from the premises.

• A misleading comparison.

• An attack on a person's character.

• A conclusion based on insufficient evidence.

Why is the statement 'I met two rude people in this country, so everyone here must be unfriendly' a hasty generalization?

• Because it is based on a small sample size.

• Because it compares two different things.

• Because it attacks the character of the people.

• Because it assumes causation from correlation.

What does the term 'non sequitur' mean in Latin?

• It does not follow.

• After this, therefore because of this.

• To the people.

• Against the man.

Which of the following is an example of a non sequitur?

• I met two rude people in this country, so everyone here must be unfriendly.

• Running a country is like running a business.

• My friend eats fast food and is healthy, so fast food is healthy.

• Students like to eat french fries; french fries are made from potatoes; therefore, it’s healthy to eat fries every day.

What is the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy?

• Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.

• Making a misleading comparison.

• Assuming that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.

• Attacking a person's character instead of their argument.

Why is the belief that 'my car causes the stoplight to turn red' an example of post hoc ergo propter hoc?

• Because it assumes causation from a sequence of events.

• Because it is based on insufficient evidence.

• Because it attacks the character of the car.

• Because it compares two different things.

Which of the following is an example of post hoc ergo propter hoc?

• Students like to eat french fries; french fries are made from potatoes; therefore, it’s healthy to eat fries every day.

• I met two rude people in this country, so everyone here must be unfriendly.

• I wore this jersey to one game, and they won, so the jersey caused the win.

• Running a country is like running a business.