Exploring Correlation and Causation in Statistics

Which type of function best fits a scatterplot that shows a rapid increase in values?

• Quadratic

• Exponential

• Linear

• Logarithmic

What type of function is represented by a scatterplot that forms a U-shape?

• Linear

• Exponential

• Quadratic

• Logarithmic

What is the range of the correlation coefficient (R)?

• -0.5 to 0.5

• 0 to 1

• -1 to 1

• -2 to 2

Which correlation coefficient indicates a perfect positive relationship?

• 1

• 0

• -1

• 0.5

In the study time and GPA survey, what type of correlation was observed?

• Moderate negative

• Strong positive

• Weak negative

• No correlation

What is the estimated correlation coefficient for the study time and GPA survey?

• 0.7

• 0.9

• 1.0

• 0.5

Which of the following is NOT a causal relationship?

• Higher radio volume causes louder sound

• Slower running pace causes longer race time

• Shorter car running time causes less gasoline use

• Faster typing causes more pages

What is required to establish causation between two variables?

• A correlation coefficient

• A scatterplot

• A survey

• A controlled experiment

What conclusion can be drawn from a scatterplot showing a positive correlation between popcorn and soda sales?

• Soda sales cause popcorn sales

• As popcorn sales increase, soda sales also increase

• There is no correlation

• Popcorn sales cause soda sales

Why can't a scatterplot alone establish causation?

• It must have a correlation coefficient of 1

• It requires a large sample size

• It needs a regression line

• It only shows correlation