Exploring the Key Concepts of the Enlightenment

The video provides a comprehensive overview of the Enlightenment, highlighting its impact on European intellectual thought in the 18th century. It discusses the application of rational thinking to social and human institutions, emphasizing the contributions of key figures like Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot. The video also explores political ideas from Locke and Rousseau, economic theories from Adam Smith and the physiocrats, and the religious and metaphysical shifts influenced by thinkers like Voltaire and Hume.

What was the main goal of Enlightenment thinkers?

• To apply rational thinking to social and human institutions

• To support the divine right of kings

• To maintain traditional societal structures

• To promote religious dogma

Which Enlightenment thinker argued for the separation of powers in government?

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Denis Diderot

What was Voltaire's stance on religious tolerance?

• He supported the imposition of a single religion

• He was indifferent to religious matters

• He believed in religious tolerance and criticized religious oppression

• He supported religious intolerance

What was Denis Diderot's major contribution to the Enlightenment?

• Developing the theory of natural rights

• Creating the 'Encyclopedia'

• Writing 'The Spirit of the Laws'

• Promoting laissez-faire economics

Where did Enlightenment ideas often spread through private meetings?

• Universities

• Public squares

• Churches

• Salons

What concept did John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau both support?

• Divine right of kings

• Economic protectionism

• Natural rights

• Absolute monarchy

According to Rousseau, what should people do if their government becomes tyrannical?

• Seek help from other nations

• Abolish the government and establish a new one

• Appeal to the monarch

• Accept it as fate

What economic principle did Adam Smith advocate for?

• State-driven economy

• Mercantilism

• Laissez-faire economics

• Protectionism

What belief did Voltaire popularize regarding God's involvement in human affairs?

• Atheism

• Deism

• Polytheism

• Pantheism

Who led the Methodist movement influenced by German pietism?

• John Wesley

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• David Hume

• John Locke