Exploring Ionic and Covalent Bonding

The video explains chemical bonds, focusing on ionic and covalent bonds. It describes how atoms achieve stability by filling their outer electron shells, using examples like nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, and aluminium. Noble gases like neon and argon are stable without reacting. Ionic bonds form when atoms transfer electrons, as seen with sodium and chlorine, while covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, exemplified by methane's carbon and hydrogen atoms.

What is the fundamental force behind chemical bonds?

• Nuclear force

• Gravitational force

• Magnetic force

• Electrostatic force

How many electrons do nitrogen and phosphorus need to gain to become stable?

• Two

• Four

• Five

• Three

Why is it easier for sodium to donate one electron rather than gain seven?

• Because it has a full outer shell

• Because it is a noble gas

• Because it has only one electron in its outermost shell

• Because it has a high electronegativity

What makes noble gases like neon and argon stable?

• They have a high number of protons

• Their outermost shell is already filled with electrons

• They can easily gain or lose electrons

• They have a low atomic number

Why are noble gases generally unreactive?

• They are metals

• Their outermost shell is already filled

• They have a high number of neutrons

• They have a low ionization energy

What happens to sodium's charge when it loses an electron?

• It becomes more negative

• It becomes a noble gas

• It becomes more positive

• It remains neutral

What type of bond is formed when sodium donates an electron to chlorine?

• Metallic bond

• Covalent bond

• Ionic bond

• Hydrogen bond

In a covalent bond, how do atoms achieve stability?

• By stealing electrons

• By donating electrons

• By sharing electrons

• By losing protons

How many electrons does carbon share with hydrogen in methane to become stable?

• One

• Two

• Three

• Four

What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

• Ionic bonds involve donating protons, covalent bonds involve sharing protons

• Ionic bonds involve sharing protons, covalent bonds involve donating protons

• Ionic bonds involve sharing electrons, covalent bonds involve donating electrons

• Ionic bonds involve donating electrons, covalent bonds involve sharing electrons