Exploring Correlation vs. Causation

What does the correlation coefficient (R) indicate?

• The average value of two variables

• The strength and direction of a relationship between two variables

• The difference between two variables

• The sum of two variables

Which of the following scatter plots indicates no correlation?

• A scatter plot with points forming a downward trend

• A scatter plot with points forming a straight line

• A scatter plot with points scattered randomly

• A scatter plot with points forming an upward trend

What is the correlation coefficient for a perfect strong positive correlation?

• -1

• 1

• 0.5

• 0

If a scatter plot has an R value of -0.73, what does it indicate?

• A strong negative correlation

• A weak negative correlation

• A strong positive correlation

• A weak positive correlation

What does causation imply?

• A cause-and-effect relationship between two variables

• A weak relationship between two variables

• A strong relationship between two variables

• A random relationship between two variables

Which of the following is an example of causation?

• Number of storks and birthrate

• Height and weight

• Exercising and calories burned

• Temperature and crime rate

Does an increase in sunlight cause better math test scores?

• Yes, it is both correlation and causation

• No, it is a correlation

• Yes, it is a causation

• No, there is no relationship

What is the relationship between temperature and crime rate?

• Causation

• Both correlation and causation

• No relationship

• Correlation

Why does a helium balloon float?

• Because of the air pressure

• Because helium rises

• Because of the temperature

• Because of the balloon's weight

What does a correlation coefficient close to zero indicate?

• A perfect correlation

• A strong correlation

• A weak correlation

• No correlation