Exploring Ions and Their Properties

The video tutorial explains ions and valence electrons, focusing on how valence electrons determine an atom's reactivity. It covers the Bohr model, the periodic table's role in identifying valence electrons, and the octet rule. The formation of ions through electron gain or loss is discussed, with examples of sodium, fluorine, sulfur, magnesium, and aluminum ions. The tutorial also includes practice problems using nuclide notation to calculate protons, electrons, and neutrons in ions.

What are valence electrons?

• Neutrons in the nucleus

• Electrons in the innermost energy level

• Electrons in the outermost energy level

• Protons in the nucleus

How can you determine the number of valence electrons an element has?

• By looking at the period number in the periodic table

• By counting the total number of electrons

• By looking at the group number in the periodic table

• By looking at the atomic number

Which group in the periodic table has elements with seven valence electrons?

• Group 2

• Group 1

• Group 8

• Group 7

What is the octet rule?

• Atoms aim to have eight neutrons

• Atoms aim to have eight protons

• Atoms aim to have eight valence electrons

• Atoms aim to have eight electrons in total

What is an ion?

• An atom that has lost or gained neutrons

• An atom that has lost or gained energy

• An atom that has lost or gained electrons

• An atom that has lost or gained protons

What charge does an atom have if it loses an electron?

• No charge

• Negative

• Positive

• Neutral

What charge does a sodium ion have after losing one electron?

• -2

• +2

• -1

• +1

How many valence electrons does fluorine have?

• Eight

• Seven

• Six

• Five

How many electrons does a potassium ion (K+) have?

• 20

• 18

• 21

• 19

What is the number of neutrons in a tin (Sn) ion with a mass number of 119 and an atomic number of 50?

• 50

• 69

• 119

• 169