Exploring the Structure and Function of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are biomolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio, represented by the formula CH2O. They are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides, like glucose, fructose, and galactose, are single sugar units. Disaccharides, such as maltose, sucrose, and lactose, are formed by joining two monosaccharides. Polysaccharides, including amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan, consist of long chains of glucose units and serve as energy storage or structural components. Simple sugars refer to monosaccharides and disaccharides, while complex carbohydrates refer to polysaccharides.

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

• C2H4O2

• C3H6O3

• CH2O

• C6H12O6

Which term refers to a carbohydrate made of one unit of sugar?

• Disaccharide

• Polysaccharide

• Oligosaccharide

• Monosaccharide

Which monosaccharide is most abundant and serves as an energy source for cellular respiration?

• Sucrose

• Glucose

• Galactose

• Fructose

What is the primary monosaccharide found in milk?

• Glucose

• Fructose

• Galactose

• Maltose

Which disaccharide is commonly known as table sugar?

• Cellulose

• Maltose

• Lactose

• Sucrose

What type of reaction forms disaccharides from monosaccharides?

• Dehydration

• Hydrolysis

• Oxidation

• Reduction

In what form do plants store energy?

• Chitin

• Cellulose

• Amylose and Amylopectin

• Glycogen

Which polysaccharide is highly branched and used by animals to store energy?

• Amylose

• Chitin

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

What is the most abundant polysaccharide that adds strength to plant cell walls?

• Amylopectin

• Peptidoglycan

• Cellulose

• Chitin

Which term refers to carbohydrates that are either monosaccharides or disaccharides?

• Complex carbohydrates

• Oligosaccharides

• Simple sugars

• Polysaccharides