Exploring DNA Structure and Replication

The video tutorial covers the discovery of DNA's structure by Crick and Watson, highlighting the role of complementary base pairing and the anti-parallel nature of DNA strands. It explains the composition of nucleotides and nucleic acids, and details the process of DNA replication, including the role of enzymes like helicase and polymerase. The concept of semi-conservative replication is also discussed, emphasizing how DNA strands are replicated in opposite directions.

Who were the scientists that described the structure of DNA in 1953?

• Francis Crick and James Watson

• Marie Curie and Louis Pasteur

• Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr

• Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei

What key experimental evidence did Rosalind Franklin and Morris Wilkins provide?

• The x-ray diffraction pattern of DNA

• The structure of proteins

• The structure of RNA

• The chemical composition of DNA

What are nucleotides made up of?

• A six-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a sulfate

• A five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a sulfate

• A six-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate

• A five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate

Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Thymine

• Uracil

What type of bonds hold the complementary bases together in DNA?

• Ionic bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Metallic bonds

• Covalent bonds

What does it mean that DNA strands are anti-parallel?

• They run in the same direction

• They run in opposite directions

• They are identical

• They are perpendicular

Which enzyme is responsible for separating the two DNA strands during replication?

• Ligase

• DNA polymerase

• Primase

• Helicase

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

• Separating DNA strands

• Joining nucleotides to form a new strand

• Breaking hydrogen bonds

• Adding phosphate groups

In which direction are new nucleotides added during DNA replication?

• 2' to 4'

• 3' to 5'

• 5' to 3'

• 4' to 2'

What is semi-conservative replication?

• Each new DNA molecule has three strands

• Each new DNA molecule has two new strands

• Each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand

• Each new DNA molecule has two old strands