Persian Wars and Greek Responses

The video explores the Greek Persian Wars, highlighting two major conflicts in the 5th Century BC between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states. The first war, led by Persian ruler Darius, ended with a Greek victory at the Battle of Marathon. A decade later, Xerxes led the second invasion, resulting in the famous Battle of Thermopylae and the naval Battle of Salamis. Despite initial Persian advances, the Greeks ultimately triumphed, forming the Delian League and signing the Peace of Callias to end hostilities.

What was the primary reason for the Persian Empire's expansion under Darius?

• To explore new territories

• To spread their culture

• To gain control over Greece

• To establish trade routes

How did the Greeks respond to Darius's demand for surrender?

• They ignored the demand

• They agreed to pay tribute

• They killed the Persian representatives

• They sent their own representatives to Persia

What was the estimated size of the Persian force during the Battle of Marathon?

• 50,000

• 25,000

• 10,000

• 90,000

What formation did the Greek hoplites use in battle?

• Line formation

• Circular formation

• Phalanx formation

• Square formation

Who led the 300 Spartan warriors at the Battle of Thermopylae?

• Xerxes

• Themistocles

• Leonidas

• Darius

What was the outcome of the Battle of Thermopylae?

• The Persians were defeated

• The Spartans held the pass indefinitely

• The battle ended in a stalemate

• The Spartans were eventually killed

How did the Greeks manage to defeat the Persian fleet at the Battle of Salamis?

• By attacking at night

• By outnumbering them

• By luring them into narrow straits

• By using fire ships

What was the significance of the Battle of Plataea?

• It was the first battle of the Persian Wars

• It was a naval battle

• It resulted in a Persian victory

• It marked the end of the Persian Wars

What was the Delian League?

• A Persian alliance

• A Greek alliance to ward off Persian invasions

• A trade agreement

• A peace treaty

When was the peace treaty between the Greeks and Persians signed?

• 479 BC

• 480 BC

• 490 BC

• 449 BC