Esophagus Structure and Function

This tutorial by Matt from Kenhub covers the anatomy of the esophagus, a fibromuscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach. It details the esophagus's anatomical features, musculature, pathway through the body, innervation, blood supply, and histological layers. The video emphasizes the esophagus's role in the alimentary canal and its complex structure, including its constrictions, sphincters, and layers. The tutorial concludes with a call to explore more resources on Kenhub for a comprehensive understanding of human anatomy.

What is the primary function of the esophagus?

• To digest food

• To connect the pharynx with the stomach

• To produce digestive enzymes

• To absorb nutrients

At which vertebral level does the esophagus start?

• C6

• T1

• C3

• L1

Which type of muscle is found in the superior third of the esophagus?

• Smooth muscle

• Cardiac muscle

• Skeletal muscle

• Mixed muscle

Through which part of the diaphragm does the esophagus pass?

• Left crus

• Esophageal hiatus

• Central tendon

• Right crus

Which nerves form the esophageal nervous plexus?

• Phrenic nerves

• Vagus nerves

• Intercostal nerves

• Hypoglossal nerves

Which veins are involved in the venous drainage of the esophagus?

• Azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory azygos veins

• Pulmonary veins

• Jugular veins

• Renal veins

What is the outermost layer of the esophagus called?

• Mucosa

• Adventitia

• Muscularis externa

• Submucosa

Which layer of the esophagus contains mucus-secreting glands?

• Mucosa

• Submucosa

• Muscularis externa

• Adventitia

What type of epithelium is found in the mucosa of the esophagus?

• Transitional epithelium

• Simple columnar epithelium

• Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

• Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What is the main function of the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the esophagus?

• Transport of oxygen

• Secretion of digestive enzymes

• Protection against food, saliva, and mucus

• Absorption of nutrients