DNA Repair Mechanisms and Damage

The video explains how DNA in cells is frequently damaged and the various mechanisms cells use to repair these errors. It covers different types of DNA errors, such as nucleotide mismatches and double-strand breaks, and the specialized enzymes involved in repair processes. Environmental factors like UV radiation and chemicals can also cause DNA damage. The video highlights the importance of DNA repair in preventing diseases like cancer and discusses how beneficial mutations can drive evolution.

How many times can DNA in a single cell get damaged in a day?

• Hundreds of times

• Thousands of times

• Tens of thousands of times

• Millions of times

What can DNA damage lead to if not repaired?

• Increased metabolism

• Cancer

• Enhanced immunity

• Improved vision

What is a common type of DNA error during replication?

• Protein folding

• Lipid synthesis

• Base mismatches

• Carbohydrate breakdown

Which enzyme is responsible for detecting and correcting base mismatches?

• DNA ligase

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase

What environmental factor can cause chemical changes in nucleotides?

• Wind

• Magnetic fields

• Ultraviolet light

• Sound waves

What is the process called when a single damaged base is repaired?

• Base excision repair

• Homologous recombination

• Nucleotide excision repair

• Mismatch repair

What type of damage does UV light cause to DNA?

• Single-strand breaks

• Base mismatches

• Double-strand breaks

• Adjacent nucleotide bonding

Which repair mechanism uses a similar undamaged DNA section as a template?

• Non-homologous end joining

• Homologous recombination

• Base excision repair

• Mismatch repair

What is a potential consequence of non-homologous end joining?

• Enhanced DNA stability

• No repair

• Gene mixing

• Accurate repair

What is associated with defects in DNA repair mechanisms?

• Enhanced cognitive function

• Improved health

• Premature aging

• Increased lifespan