Crash Course Philosophy: Essentialism and Existentialism

The video explores the philosophical concepts of essentialism and existentialism. Essentialism, as proposed by Plato and Aristotle, suggests that everything has a predetermined essence. Existentialism, championed by Jean-Paul Sartre, argues that existence precedes essence, meaning individuals must create their own purpose. The video discusses the concept of 'the absurd,' the lack of inherent meaning in the universe, and the freedom and responsibility this imposes on individuals. Sartre's idea of living authentically and avoiding 'bad faith' is highlighted, using an anecdote about a student's moral dilemma.

What is one of the main reasons people seek meaning in their lives?

• To satisfy a fundamental human need

• To gain wealth

• To impress others

• To avoid boredom

According to essentialism, what gives a knife its defining function?

• Its handle

• Its blade

• Its material

• Its size

Which philosopher is known for embracing nihilism, the belief in the ultimate meaninglessness of life?

• Plato

• Aristotle

• Friedrich Nietzsche

• Jean-Paul Sartre

What is the mantra of existentialism?

• God gives life meaning

• Essence precedes existence

• Existence precedes essence

• Life is predetermined

What term do existentialists use to describe the search for answers in an answerless world?

• The absurd

• The void

• The unknown

• The meaningless

What does Sartre mean by saying we are 'condemned to be free'?

• We must create our own moral code

• We have no freedom at all

• We are forced to follow societal rules

• We are bound by religious doctrines

What is 'bad faith' according to Sartre?

• Accepting the absurd

• Following a path set by others

• Creating your own essence

• Living authentically

In Sartre's anecdote, what dilemma does the student face?

• Choosing between two career paths

• Deciding whether to go to war or stay with his mother

• Selecting a religion to follow

• Choosing between wealth and happiness

What does Sartre suggest is the best way to live?

• By following societal norms

• By seeking wealth and power

• By adhering to religious teachings

• By living authentically

According to existentialists, who is responsible for giving life meaning?

• God

• The government

• The individual

• Society