Migration and Adaptation during the Last Ice Age

During the last Ice Age, humans migrated from Siberia to Alaska via the Bering Land Bridge, settling across the Americas. They adapted to new environments, developing tools for hunting diverse animals. As the climate warmed, large mammals became extinct, leading to the Archaic period where humans sought new resources and began trading.

What was the Bering Land Bridge?

• A bridge built by early humans

• A mythological place

• A modern-day bridge in Alaska

• A natural land connection between Siberia and Alaska

Why did humans cross the Bering Land Bridge?

• To explore new territories

• To escape predators

• To follow the woolly mammoths

• To find new sources of food

Which areas were first populated by humans migrating from Asia?

• Australia and New Zealand

• Greenland and Iceland

• Europe and Africa

• Canada and the US

What types of animals did early humans find in North America?

• Kangaroos and koalas

• Mammoths, mastodons, and giant beavers

• Elephants and lions

• Penguins and seals

What new tools did humans develop for hunting in North America?

• Traps and snares

• Fishing nets

• Bows and arrows

• Longer spears and chiseled stone blades

What caused the large mammals to become extinct around 9000 BC?

• A massive volcanic eruption

• Overhunting by humans

• A sudden ice age

• Warmer temperatures and loss of food supply

What marked the end of an era during the post-Ice Age period?

• The building of the first cities

• The discovery of fire

• The invention of the wheel

• The extinction of large mammals

How did humans adapt to the loss of large mammals?

• By migrating back to Asia

• By searching for new sources of food and clothing

• By domesticating animals

• By becoming vegetarians

What was a significant development during the Archaic period?

• The invention of writing

• The beginning of trade among human groups

• The construction of pyramids

• The discovery of agriculture

What did humans do to ensure the survival of their communities during the Archaic period?

• Invented new languages

• Started farming

• Built large fortresses

• Traded with other tribes