Genetic Mutations and Their Effects

The video tutorial explores genetic mutations, their causes, and effects. It discusses hemoglobin and sickle cell disease, explaining how mutations can lead to different protein expressions. The tutorial covers various mutation types, including genetic and chromosomal, and their potential impacts. It also addresses factors that induce mutations, such as environmental mutagens, and how the body repairs these changes. The video concludes with an introduction to genetic engineering, highlighting its role in medicine and technology.

What causes sickle cell disease?

• A mutation in the alpha hemoglobin gene

• A mutation in the beta hemoglobin gene

• A mutation in the DNA repair enzymes

• A mutation in the lactose intolerance gene

What is the main source of all biodiversity?

• Genetic engineering

• Chromosomal mutations

• Environmental factors

• Genetic mutations

What is a silent mutation?

• A mutation that changes the protein structure

• A mutation that does not affect the final protein

• A mutation that stops protein synthesis

• A mutation that shifts the reading frame

Which type of mutation changes the amino acid sequence?

• Nonsense mutation

• Silent mutation

• Frame shift mutation

• Missense mutation

What is a frame shift mutation?

• A mutation that does not affect the protein

• A mutation that shifts the reading frame

• A mutation that stops protein synthesis

• A mutation that changes a single base pair

Why are chromosomal mutations more profound than genetic mutations?

• They affect only one gene

• They involve changes in entire chromosomes

• They are always repaired by enzymes

• They do not affect the organism

What is nondisjunction?

• A mutation that shifts the reading frame

• A mutation where chromosomes do not separate properly

• A mutation that does not affect the protein

• A mutation that changes a single base pair

What is the role of genetic engineering in medicine?

• To create new species

• To alter the genome of organisms for advancements

• To eliminate all genetic mutations

• To increase biodiversity

How can genetic engineering help people with diabetes?

• By creating new insulin-producing cells

• By altering their DNA to eliminate diabetes

• By recombining bacterial DNA to produce insulin

• By increasing their lactose tolerance

What is a potential ethical concern with genetic engineering?

• It is always beneficial

• It can only be used on plants

• It may lead to unintended consequences

• It has no impact on human health