Molecular Biology Concepts Assessment

The video tutorial explains the fundamental processes of transcription and translation in cells. It begins with an overview of cells and DNA, highlighting the role of the nucleus and chromosomes. The transcription process is detailed, showing how DNA is converted into messenger RNA (mRNA). The tutorial then covers translation, where mRNA is used to synthesize proteins with the help of ribosomes and transfer RNA (tRNA). The video also discusses gene expression, mRNA processing, and the importance of protein folding for cellular functions.

What is the basic unit of all living tissue?

• Cell

• Gene

• Nucleus

• Chromosome

What is the process called where DNA is used to create messenger RNA?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Splicing

What structure reads the code in the messenger RNA to produce a protein?

• Nucleus

• Chromosome

• Ribosome

• Histone

How many different types of amino acids are there?

• 40

• 10

• 20

• 30

During which stage of protein synthesis does the ribosome read the mRNA and add amino acids to the growing chain?

• Splicing

• Initiation

• Elongation

• Termination

What happens when the ribosome reaches a stop codon during protein synthesis?

• Initiation begins

• Elongation continues

• Splicing starts

• Termination occurs

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

What modifications are added to mRNA before it is used in translation?

• Codons and anticodons

• Promoter and terminator

• Introns and exons

• 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail

What is the purpose of the central dogma of molecular biology?

• To explain DNA replication

• To describe how DNA is turned into proteins

• To illustrate cell division

• To show how genes are inherited

What are the three distinct regions inside the ribosome?

• M site, N site, O site

• A site, B site, C site

• X site, Y site, Z site

• E site, P site, A site