Genetics Concepts and Terminology

This video tutorial explores the genetic disorder albinism, explaining its causes and effects. It delves into the concepts of genotype and phenotype, illustrating how genetic makeup and environmental factors influence traits. The tutorial further discusses homozygous and heterozygous conditions, as well as dominant and recessive alleles, using examples to clarify these genetic principles. Finally, it applies these concepts to solve genetic problems, enhancing understanding of genetic inheritance and expression.

What is the primary cause of albinism?

• Lack of vitamin D

• Overexposure to sunlight

• Mutation in a gene affecting enzyme production

• Excessive production of melanin

Which term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?

• Phenotype

• Allele

• Chromosome

• Genotype

What is the term for observable characteristics of an organism?

• Genotype

• Allele

• Phenotype

• Gene

Which factor can influence the phenotype of an organism?

• Neither genotype nor environment

• Both genotype and environment

• Only environment

• Only genotype

What is an example of a trait influenced more by environment than genotype?

• Height

• Hair color

• Blood type

• Eye color

In the context of genetics, what does the term 'homozygous' mean?

• Having more than two alleles for a trait

• Having no alleles for a trait

• Having two identical alleles for a trait

• Having two different alleles for a trait

What is the term for different forms of a gene?

• Phenotypes

• Genotypes

• Alleles

• Chromosomes

Which type of allele is expressed only when two copies are present?

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

• Recessive

• Dominant

What is the role of a dominant allele in a heterozygous individual?

• It is expressed only in the presence of another dominant allele

• It is expressed over the recessive allele

• It is expressed only in the absence of a recessive allele

• It is not expressed

Which genetic condition is tested for in newborns to prevent nervous system damage?

• Sickle cell anemia

• Albinism

• Phenylketonuria

• Cystic fibrosis