RNA Processing and Gene Expression

Eukaryotic cells process RNA post-transcription to form mature mRNA. This involves three main steps: capping, polyadenylation, and splicing. Capping adds a special nucleotide to the RNA's five prime end. Polyadenylation adds a long tail of adenine bases to the three prime end. Eukaryotic genes contain exons and introns; introns are removed during splicing by spliceosomes. The result is a mature mRNA ready for translation.

What is the first step in RNA processing in eukaryotic cells?

• Polyadenylation

• Splicing

• Translation

• Capping

What is added to the three prime end of RNA during polyadenylation?

• A sequence of cytosine nucleotides

• A long tail of adenine nucleotides

• A ribosome binding site

• A cap

Which regions of a eukaryotic gene encode parts of the protein product?

• Enhancers

• Promoters

• Exons

• Introns

What is the role of spliceosomes in RNA processing?

• To add a poly-A tail

• To initiate translation

• To add a cap to the RNA

• To remove introns from the RNA

What is the final product of RNA processing in eukaryotic cells?

• A mature mRNA ready for translation

• A DNA strand

• A ribosomal RNA

• A protein