Understanding Alveolar Cells and Pulmonary Surfactant

This video tutorial by Kevin Tokeoff at Catalyst University explores the differences between type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells, focusing on the role of type 2 cells in producing pulmonary surfactant. The video explains how surfactant prevents alveolar collapse by reducing surface tension caused by water molecules. It also discusses the challenges faced by premature infants who lack surfactant and the solutions available, such as ventilators and surfactant injections.

What is the primary function of type 1 alveolar cells?

• To produce pulmonary surfactant

• To facilitate gas exchange

• To create surface tension

• To support alveolar structure

What shape are type 2 alveolar cells?

• Columnar

• Cuboidal

• Squamous

• Spherical

What causes surface tension in the alveoli?

• Presence of lipids

• Pulmonary surfactant

• Hydrogen bonding between water molecules

• Air pressure

What is the primary role of pulmonary surfactant?

• To facilitate gas exchange

• To support alveolar structure

• To increase surface tension

• To break hydrogen bonds between water molecules

Why is pulmonary surfactant crucial for alveoli?

• It strengthens alveolar walls

• It prevents alveolar collapse

• It helps in the absorption of nutrients

• It increases blood flow

What is the nature of most molecules in pulmonary surfactant?

• Non-polar

• Hydrophilic

• Hydrophobic

• Amphipathic

What is a common issue faced by premature infants regarding alveoli?

• Excessive surfactant production

• Inability to produce pulmonary surfactant

• Increased gas exchange

• Overexpansion of alveoli

What is one solution for premature infants who cannot produce surfactant?

• Increasing oxygen levels

• Reducing water intake

• Providing ventilator support

• Administering antibiotics

What is another solution for premature infants lacking surfactant?

• Administering pain relief

• Increasing air pressure

• Reducing carbon dioxide levels

• Injections of pulmonary surfactant

What happens if alveoli collapse due to lack of surfactant?

• Reduced blood flow

• Improved gas exchange

• Insufficient gas exchange

• Increased oxygen absorption