Understanding Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

The video tutorial explains how to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in neutral atoms, ions, and isotopes. It covers the concepts of mass number and atomic number, using examples of oxygen, sodium, aluminum, and chlorine atoms. The tutorial also discusses ions, including cations and anions, and how to calculate the number of electrons in these charged particles. Finally, it provides a method for finding the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in different isotopes, using carbon isotopes as examples.

What is the mass number of an oxygen atom as mentioned in the video?

• 18

• 12

• 16

• 8

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

• Add atomic number to mass number

• Subtract atomic number from mass number

• Multiply atomic number by mass number

• Divide mass number by atomic number

What is the atomic number of sodium?

• 17

• 13

• 23

• 11

How many neutrons are present in a chlorine atom?

• 20

• 18

• 17

• 19

What happens to the number of electrons when an atom forms a cation?

• Electrons are lost

• Electrons are gained

• Protons are lost

• Protons are gained

How many electrons does an aluminum ion have after losing three electrons?

• 12

• 11

• 13

• 10

What is the charge on an oxygen ion after gaining two electrons?

• +2

• -1

• -2

• +1

How many neutrons are in carbon-12?

• 9

• 7

• 6

• 8

What is the difference in the number of neutrons between carbon-13 and carbon-14?

• 3

• 2

• 1

• 4

Which of the following is an isotope of carbon?

• Carbon-12

• Carbon-16

• Carbon-11

• Carbon-15