The pancreas is a mixed gland with both exocrine and endocrine functions. The endocrine part, known as the islets of Langerhans, secretes insulin and glucagon. Insulin, produced by beta cells, regulates glucose by converting it to glycogen, and its deficiency leads to diabetes mellitus. Glucagon, secreted by alpha cells, increases blood sugar levels by promoting gluconeogenesis. Both hormones play crucial roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis.

What type of gland is the pancreas?

• Only an exocrine gland

• Only an endocrine gland

• A mixed gland

• Neither exocrine nor endocrine

Which cells in the pancreas produce insulin?

• Gamma cells

• Delta cells

• Beta cells

• Alpha cells

What is a primary function of insulin?

• Decrease protein synthesis

• Increase blood sugar

• Convert glucose to glycogen

• Convert glycogen to glucose

What condition results from insufficient insulin production?

• Cushing's syndrome

• Hypoglycemia

• Diabetes mellitus

• Hyperthyroidism

Which of the following is NOT a complication of diabetes mellitus?

• Blurred vision

• Increased healing power

• Gangrene

• Kidney problems

What is the primary action of glucagon?

• Enhance protein synthesis

• Promote fat storage

• Increase blood sugar

• Decrease blood sugar

Which process is stimulated by glucagon to increase blood sugar?

• Protein synthesis

• Glycolysis

• Gluconeogenesis

• Lipogenesis